本サイト 一橋大学機関リポジトリ(HERMES-IR)

第3号

 多田 治 Osamu Tada
戦前期の観光における沖縄イメージの形成 ——国家主義時代の観光と知——
The Formation of Okinawa Images in Prewar Tourism : Tourism and Episteme in the Age of Nationalism
2007年07月 発行

[ 要旨 ]

この論文には日本語要旨はありません


[ Abstract ]

  This paper will examine the image of Okinawa during the pre-war period by focusing on tourism in Okinawa during this time. Moreover, the paper will refer to MacCannel’s “tourism=mirror that reflects modernity” and approach Okinawa from the perspective of the relationship and interaction between Okinawa and Japan’s mainland. Domestic and international tourism in pre-war Japan was strongly connected to imperialism and colonialism. Okinawa was located midway between Japan’s overseas territories and the mainland, and was referred to as “an exotic island located in the southernmost point of Japan”. A trading company conducted a tour to Okinawa 23 times with the service of a big passenger ship between Hanshin and Naha starting in 1937, which was the birth of package tours to Okinawa. The places and scenery that tourists go to, and the experiences and interpretations of such places, including the small islands and beaches of the southern islands, the colourful scenery of the tropics, the gigantic tombs, the magnificent Shuri Castle, the women that work in the markets and fishing villages, and the red-light district as a place for traditional entertainment, or in other words, the framework of tourism and the images of Okinawa, had been standardized to a certain extent during this period.
  The influence of people such as local educator and folklorist Genichiro Shimabukuro, who was a guide on many occasions, was great. On the other hand, the Okinawa trip by the father of Japanese ethnographic studies Kunio Yanagita was also influential and his exchange with Okinawa folklorist Fuyu Iha created a trend to do research on the southern islands in the 1920s. The relationship between tourism and episteme about Okinawa, and Okinawa studies and the images of Okinawa, were constructed simultaneously and interactively. The official knowledge and images of Okinawa were created through the interaction and influence of the internal and external perspectives of intellectuals from the mainland and Okinawa. The images of Okinawa based on tourism and hometown created by Shimabukuro were subsumed by the strong nationalism of the time, however, it also played a role in constructing the identity of Okinawa by utilizing the attention from both the locals and tourists accordingly. The conflict over dialects among Muneyoshi Yanagi and others was also moving toward the direction of nationalism, which resulted in the antagonism between tourists and locals in terms of tourism. While the images of Okinawa and tourism to Okinawa strongly reflected nationalism, both were gradually formed during this period.