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第6巻
金 美珍 Mijin Kim韓国の非正規職保護をめぐる労働組合と社会運動の連携に関する一考察 ――「非正規労働者基本権保障と差別撤廃のための共同対策委員会」の事例を中心に――
A Study of the Formation of Coalitions between Social Movements and Labor Unions in Korea: The Case of the Associational Commitee for Non-regular Workers
2014年02月 発行
[ 要旨 ]
本稿の目的は、韓国の非正規保護法の成立過程における労働組合と社会運動団体の連携関係に注目し、多様なアクターの合意を形成するに至った政治的過程とその影響力を検討することである。具体的には韓国の「非正規労働者基本権保障と差別撤廃のための共同対策委員会（以下、非正規委員会）」の事例をとりあげ、同委員会に結集したさまざまな運動団体の特徴及び、韓国社会運動の歴史的文脈における政治的指向性の違いを検討した。既存の研究は労働組合の役割に集中し、非正規委員会に結集した各運動団体の特性と、韓国における社会運動の歴史的文脈を視野に取り込まない傾向が強い。これに対し本研究は、社会･市民運動団体間の歴史的関係を視野に入れつつ、同委員会に参加した諸団体の関わりのあり方の内実を把握する。その際、共通の関心、連携の構造、参加団体の能力とコミットメント、連携活動のスケール、という連携形成の４つの要素を分析視角として用いる。
本研究では、異なる政治的志向性や運動のスタイルを持つ諸団体が非正規委員会に参画していたことと、諸団体ごとのコミットメントの度合いに違いが見られることを明らかにする。そのなかでも特に、労働組合のみならず、市民運動団体と女性運動団体などの積極的な関与について明らかにすることで、市民運動団体の役割を浮き彫りにする点が本研究の特徴である。
[ Abstract ]
This paper examines the process of coalition formation between labor unions and social movements and its influence on the policy-making process of the Non-regular Employment Protection Act of Korea.
By focusing on the case of the Associational Committee for Abolishing Discrimination of Non-regular Workers and Securing Labor Basic Rights (henceforth, the Associational Committee for Non-regular Workers), the paper looks into the process of coalition formation between labor unions and social movement organizations, especially the participation of civic movement organizations, such as the Citizens’ Coalition for Economic Justice (CCEJ) and the People’s Solidarity for Participatory Democracy (PSPD), and its influence.
Previous studies have concentrated only on the role of labor unions; hence, they do not refer to the historical context of social movement organizations in Korea. Accordingly, this study begins by examining the historical background and political orientation of social movement organizations since the Korean Democratic Movement of 1987 and attempts to understand the involvement of various organizations in the Associational Committee for Non-regular Workers. It accomplishes this objective by adopting four elements of coalition building, i.e., the nature of common concerns, the structure of organizational relationships, organizational capacities and commitments, and the scale of coalition activities.
The analysis shows that a variety of social movement organizations were engaged in the coalition formation of the Associational Committee for Non-regular Workers, despite their differing political orientations and activity styles. In addition, it demonstrates that each organization was involved with a different level of commitment. By examining the degrees of commitment, it becomes possible to highlight the active participation of not only labor unions but also civic movement organizations, such as the CCEJ and the PSPD, and women’s movement organizations. Furthermore, it clarifies the recognition process of non-regular worker issues as a serious social problem and the political process of setting a policy agenda by the activities of the Associational Committee for Non-regular Workers. This paper extends the research framework by including social movement organizations in our understanding of the policy-making process of the Non-regular Employment Protection Act in Korea.