|
 |
第3号
中島 醸 Jo Nakajima アメリカ全国労働関係法とニューディール・リベラル派 ——立法過程における対抗関係——
The National Labor Relations Act and New Deal Liberals
2007年07月 発行
[ 要旨 ]
この論文には日本語要旨はありません
[ Abstract ]
The objective of this paper is to identify the conflicting political views of the liberals during the New Deal era of 1930s in the U.S., by focusing on the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (also known as the Wagner Act). This paper will examine the differences in the political views of the liberals by analyzing the issues raised during the legislative process of this act. More specifically, this paper will explore issues pertaining to unfair labor practices; majority rule in selecting the worker’s representative; the expansion of the powers of the National Labor Relations Board.
The liberals were the main force behind various social legislations during the New Deal era, and the Wagner Act was also established under the initiative of the liberals. All of the liberals had a common understanding that in order to recover from the Great Depression and revitalize industry it was necessary to establish restrictions on private business by the federal government and promote equal distribution of people’s purchasing power, and to grant certain rights such as the right to organize and bargain collectively, especially to workers. However, the opinions within the liberals differed regarding the specific policies toward the granting of certain rights to workers.
Among the liberals in the business world, some criticized the characteristic of the Wagner Act as the regulations on unfair labor practices only applied to employers and not employees. Moreover, there were disagreements within the liberals who supported the Wagner Act concerning the ideal of industrial relations and labor organization. This reflected the difference in opinion whether the Wagner Act should embody the effect to promote organizing labor unions at the industry, state and national level.