本サイト 一橋大学機関リポジトリ(HERMES-IR)

第15巻

 水林 純 Jun Mizubayashi
戦国期東国の在地社会に見る土豪層と国衆の関係―天文二十一年四月二十七日葛山氏元判物考―
The Relationship between Dogō (Powerful Local Clans) and Kunishū (Local Lords) in the Eastern Villages of Japan During the Sengoku Period: A Study of Documents with Katsurayama Ujimoto’s Original Seal dated April 27, 1552
2023年11月 発行

[ 要旨 ]

 本稿は、戦国期の日本を代表する領主権力の一つである「国衆」と、当該期の村落有力者であった土豪層との関係を追究したものである。具体的には、16世紀中葉に現在の静岡県東部地域を支配した国衆葛山氏と、土豪植松氏に焦点を当て、考察を行った。具体的には、これまでの研究においても注目を浴びてきた、天文21年(1552)4月27日植松藤太郎宛て葛山氏元判物とその周辺史料を精緻に読解する作業を通じて、国衆葛山氏と、駿河国駿東郡口野に本拠を置いた土豪植松氏の関係を検証し直すことを目指した。その結果、(ⅰ)戦国中期以前の植松氏は、口野に拠点を置く自律的な領主であったこと、(ⅱ)葛山氏は、戦国中期に植松氏を自らの影響下に置いたが、しかし、葛山氏は、植松氏が有した領主的権限を大幅に認め、かつ保証することによって、初めて植松氏の支持を取り付けることができたこと、(ⅲ)具体的には、植松氏ら土豪間の争いを調停・解決し、土地権利に関する彼らの要求を汲み取ることによって、葛山氏は当該地域に進出し得たことを明らかにした。総じて、口野における16世紀中葉とは、上部権力の在地社会への浸透が徐々に進みつつも、他方で、旧来の権利の保全を企図する土豪層の下からの要求が葛山氏の動向を大きく制約した時代であり、また、その意味において、国衆と土豪層の間でなお深い緊張関係が持続した時代であったと言うことが可能である。


[ Abstract ]

  This paper investigates the relationship between the kunishū (local lords), the representatives of powerful feudal lords in Japan during the Sengoku period (16th century), and the dogō (local clans), influential groups of villagers. Specifically, the study focuses on the Katsurayama kunishū, who at the time ruled the eastern part of present-day Shizuoka Prefecture, and the Uematsu clan, a powerful dogō. This study involved a careful reading of documents dated April 27, 1552 that are addressed to Uematsu Tōtarō and carry Katsurayama Ujimoto’s original seal, and other related historical materials that have also been the focus of considerable attention in previous research. This study re-examines the relationship between local Katsurayama kunishū, and the Uematsu dogō, a clan based in Kuchino, Sunto District, Suruga Province (present-day Numazu City, Shizuoka Prefecture). The following points were identified: (ⅰ) until the mid-Sengoku period (mid-16th century), the Uematsu clan ruled as autonomous feudal lords in Kuchino; (ⅱ) the Katsurayama brought the Uematsu under their influence in the mid-Sengoku period, but only gained the support of the Uematsu by recognizing and affirming their feudal authority; and (ⅲ) specifically, by mediating and resolving disputes between the Uematsu and other influential local clans and accommodating their demands regarding land rights, the Katsurayama were able to expand their influence in the region. Overall, the mid-16th century in Kuchino was a period in which superior powers gradually penetrated into local society. Moreover, the demands of the dogō from lower strata of society, who intended to preserve their old rights, greatly restricted the development of the Katsurayama family. In this sense, this period can be seen as a time when deep tensions persisted between the kunishū and the dogō.