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第2号
マンダフ・アリウンサイハン Mandakh Ariunsaikhanモンゴル・ソ連相互援助規定書の締結と日本・ソ連・中国
The Soviet-Mongolian Friendship and Mutual Assistance Protocol of 1936 and its Impact on Japanese-Sino-Soviet Relations
2007年03月 発行
[ 要旨 ]
この論文には日本語要旨はありません
[ Abstract ]
This paper will consider the historical significance and the effect of the Soviet-Mongolian Friendship and Mutual Assistance Protocol of 1936 on Japan-Soviet relations, which has not been paid much attention to in previous studies on the history of Japanese-Sino-Soviet relations, using sources from Russia, Mongolia and Japan. On March 12, 1936, the Soviet Union and Mongolia signed the Soviet-Mongolian Friendship and Mutual Assistance Protocol which agreed for mutual aid including military assistance in case one of the countries was attacked by military force. This agreement implied that the Soviet Union officially recognized military assistance toward Mongolia and that the collective security system between the Soviet Union and Mongolia against Japan had entered a new stage. For the Mongolian government, the signing of this protocol meant the deterrence of military action by the Kwantung Army against Mongolia as well as heightened the hopes for Mongolia’s independence and security. Moreover, for the Soviet government, this protocol meant securing their military base in Mongolia which implied the reinforcement of the security of the Far East region of Soviet Union.
On the other hand, the Chinese and Japanese responded toward the Soviet Union and Mongolia Protocol. The Chinese Kuomintang government immediately protested against the Soviet government stating that the protocol violated the Sino-Soviet Agreement in 1924 which respected Chinese sovereignty. The Japanese government signed the Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany on November 25th, 1936 in Berlin in order to respond to the reinforcement of the Soviet offensive in the Far East.
The signing of the Anti-Comintern Pact between Japan and Germany came as a great shock to the Soviet government, which brought about the reinforcement of interference in Mongolian domestic affairs by the Soviet Union. The Soviet government strengthened its military arms in the direction of Mongolia to prepare for war against Japan as well as banished the “pro-Japanese” faction within the Mongolian government in order to reinforce Soviet influence in Mongolia. As such, the enforcement of the Soviet-Mongolian Friendship and Mutual Assistance Protocol not only brought about significant change to the political and military situation in the Far East but also had various effects on the diplomacy of concerned countries in the same region.