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 町村 敬志、長島 祐基、栗原 真史、杉山 怜美、髙橋 絢子、辰巳 智行、Fung Wan Yin Kimberly、山内 智瑛 Takashi Machimura,Yuki Nagashima,Masashi Kurihara,Satomi Sugiyama,Hiroko Takahashi,Tomoyuki Tatsumi,Wan Yin Kimberly Fung,Chie Yamauchi
COVID-19「自粛」とイベントスペース―「東京イベントスペース2020」データ分析から―
Event Spaces under Japan’s COVID-19 Self-restraint Policy:A Survey of Tokyo Event Spaces in 2020
2021年07月 発行

[ 要旨 ]

 本論文は2019年末から世界に広がった COVID-19の感染拡大に対する、日本政府、自治体の感染抑制策を COVID-19「自粛」と位置付け、その中で東京23区のイベントスペースやイベント開催の全般的な危機の様相と、スペースの維持やイベントの開催を目指す多様な取り組み(レジリエンス)の差異を描き出した。
 2020年4~5月の緊急事態宣言中、イベントスペースはイベント中止や休業を余儀なくされ、90%以上の施設が休業した。強制力はない中でも多くのイベントスペース設置者や利用者が感染予防という点から協力行動をとった。ただし、強制力がない以上、休業の可否や休業時期、イベント実施の可否は最終的にはイベントスペース設置者や利用者の「自由」である。実際、イベントの継続やイベントスペースの維持を図る試みが様々な形で続けられた。COVID-19「自粛」による経済的な影響が大きいクラブ・ライブハウスは利用客とのつながりを生かした「自助」や公的保障といった「公助」を求める動きを展開していった。こうした点は経済的な影響を受けながらも、クラウドファンディングといったイベント主催者と利用者という枠組みから外れた形での活動継続の取組み件数が少なかった同人誌即売会とは異なる点である。
 また、イベント実施の試みとしてオンライン形態でのイベントの開催が文化イベントから社会運動の集会まで幅広い領域で広がった。対面的なやり取りを重視してきたイベントスペース設置者や利用者がオンラインでの開催を採用したのは、感染予防とイベントの開催という二つの要素を両立させる中での苦肉の策だったと考えられる。特に集会を通じたメッセージの発信や相互交流を重視する社会運動団体にとって、COVID-19「自粛」は大きな障害であり、自前のスペースや屋外で感染対策を取りつつ COVID-19「自粛」下でも対面式の集会開催を模索している。


[ Abstract ]

 One of the critical countermeasures the Japanese government has instituted to prevent the spread of COVID-19 is calling on the public to exercise "self-restraint". This paper examines the efforts taken by various stakeholders to maintain event spaces and continue staging events amidst COVID-19 pandemic measures. It also describes the resilience and survival attempts made by event space owners and the underlying differences in the responses to the pandemic among three distinct types of event spaces.
 The Japanese government’s request for self-restraint was not enforceable unlike the mandatory shutdowns that occurred in some other countries. Nevertheless, during the state of emergency from April to May 2020, events were cancelled, and event spaces were closed temporarily, as more than 90% of the spaces our research team surveyed closed during the period. Meanwhile, particular self-restraint practices have been at the owners' and organizers' "own" discretion, including decisions to close down the event space, the length of the close down period, and whether to cancel a specific event or not.
 Notably, owners and organizers made various attempts to continue the events and maintain the event spaces. Night clubs and music venues, in particular, suffered a devastating blow due to self-restraint requests. Their owners, in turn, responded by gathering economic support from users of the spaces and seeking governmental assistance including monetary compensation. These responses were different from those of doujinshi conventions. Though doujinshi conventions were also affected economically, there were comparatively limited efforts to develop counterstrategies like crowdfunding. Instead, they have tended to respond by organizing online conventions.
 Also, efforts to operate events continuously during the pandemic have led to a boom in virtual events for various event types, from cultural events to social movement gatherings. For event space owners and users who emphasize face-to-face communication, virtual events were a painful measure taken to prevent infection spread without sacrificing the events to be held. Virtual events, however, are a significant obstacle, especially for social movement groups that place importance on disseminating information and the mutual exchange of ideas through in-person meetings. These groups have found a solution to this problem by resuming some of the face-to-face meetings in their self-owned spaces or at outdoor venues while instituting infection prevention measures.