本サイト 一橋大学機関リポジトリ(HERMES-IR)

第8巻

 田口 ローレンス吉孝 Lawrence Yoshitaka Taguchi
現代日本社会の「ハーフ」をめぐるライフストーリー分析――コンネルの制度論による家族・学校・職場・街頭に関する考察――
The Life Stories of Hafu in Japan: Family, School, Work, and the Street
2016年12月 発行

[ 要旨 ]

 現代日本社会において「ハーフ」と呼ばれる人々について、かれらが直面する差別的体験や日常生活で投げかけられるステレオタイプの実態とその帰結、それらに対する当事者の抵抗や対応のあり方について従前の社会学の領域では十分に研究が蓄積されてこなかった。そこで本研究ノートは「ハーフ」とよばれる12名の成人世代の語りに着目し、かれらのライフストーリーにおける様々な社会的場面での経験を明らかにする。
 特に多様な社会的場面の中でも、コンネルの「制度」に関する議論を参照し、「学校」「家族」「職場」「街頭」という四つの制度に着目した。そしてこれらの制度がいかに構造化されているのか、それが当事者にとってどのような帰結をもたらしているのかを明らかにした。
 当事者のライフストーリーを分析することで、これらの制度が人種・ジェンダー・エスニシティ・宗教などの要素の交差によって構造化されている状況を明らかにすることができた。また、偏見や差別が単にシンボリックなものとしてではなく、親密圏内部の葛藤、学校における周囲との同化や自身のルーツの否定、就職差別や業務でのクレーム、街頭における人種差別的な職務質問など具体的かつ深刻な帰結をもたらしている状況が明らかとなった。


[ Abstract ]

 Mixed-race people in Japan (so-called hafu, konketsuji, or kokusaiji) have received much attention in Japanese media. However, sociological studies in Japan have not deeply examined the reality of discrimination toward hafu and stereotypes about them. Although historically, studies on mixed-race people in Japan have been conducted from the angle of education, social movements, and representation in the media, these studies have not adequately focused on their life stories via interview data analysis.
 In this paper, I investigate various aspects of their daily lives. I used interview data from 12 people’s life stories that I recorded during my fieldwork on hafu communities and due to my personal connections.
 Using the theory of “institutions” developed by Raewyn Connell (1987), I analyze the participants’ experiences via four social institutions: (1) family, (2) school, (3) work, and (4) the street. I show that these institutions have been constructed through the intersectional functions of elements such as race, gender, ethnicity, and religion.
 Hafu have suffered from racial/ethnic prejudice at the hands of their family members as well as non-relatives. At school, they have been teased and bullied by classmates. Furthermore, in school, hafu are pressured to assimilate and acquire “Japaneseness.” In terms of work, hafu have experienced discrimination when job hunting due to prejudice toward their names in phone interviews or their appearance in face-to-face interviews. Moreover, their supervisors, colleagues, and customers have racially discriminated against them. Sometimes, their appearance is directly tied to a customer’s complaint. In the street, they face racial profiling by police. For example, the police use the “stop-and-search” method, mainly targeting black or brown males who start to experience this phenomenon at a young age and continue to encounter it throughout adulthood.
 In this paper, I reveal part of the construction of social institutions in Japan. However, I have not adequately used Connell’s theory. In addition to the prior research I used for this study, I focus on the interrelations among the “regime” structures of the abovementioned social institutions and other social structures such as governments, legal systems, historical context, and globalization by using Connell’s theory.