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第4巻
佐々木 綾子 Ayako Sasaki男性人身取引被害者保護システムの確立にむけて
Establishing a Protection System for Male Victims of Human Trafficking
2012年11月 発行
[ 要旨 ]
日本の人身取引は、外国人女性被害者を念頭に「女性に対する暴力」という観点から取り組まれてきたが、2010年度には少なくとも３名の男性被害者（日本国籍保持者含む）が発見されている。2009年12月に犯罪対策閣僚会議が発表した「人身取引対策行動計画2009」において、男性被害者等の保護施策に関する検討を行うことが定められているが、2010年度に発見された男性被害者のなかには、警察に保護されていながら厚生労働省が行う被害者保護の対象とはされず、教会等の民間団体による支援を受け帰国した者もいた。現行のシステムにおける男性被害者保護上の問題点は、男性被害に対する認識の欠如とともに、被害者保護を担っている婦人保護事業が男性にシェルターを提供できない上、入所者以外への支援サービスの提供が想定されていない点にある。
本稿は、男性人身取引被害者に関する先行研究及び2010年度に男性被害者を保護した国内Ａ県の事例を参照し、婦人保護、労働者保護、犯罪被害者保護の３つの観点から男性被害者保護の障壁と見通しを検討した。売春防止法に基づく婦人保護事業とは異なる保護支援枠組みの創設、性別や国籍に拘わらない労働者保護の徹底、性風俗産業での被害者の主観的な「労働者観」に基づく訴えへの経済的補償システムの確立と、男女に拘わらない犯罪被害者保護施策の充実が必要である。
[ Abstract ]
In Japan, human trafficking has mainly been tackled from the perspective of violence against women, with consideration of the protection of foreign women. However, in fiscal year 2010, it was found that at least three men, including Japanese nationals, were also its victims.
In Japan’s 2009 National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons, the Ministerial Meeting Concerning Measures Against Crimes was supposed to consider making a policy and putting in place a system to protect male victims of trafficking. However, the male victims found in fiscal year 2010 received only police protection and were not eligible for protective services under the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare only because of their sex. Some of these men were protected by churches and non-governmental organizations and repatriated to their home countries.
Apart from a general lack of understanding that men can also be victims, there are other problems that beset the current system. For example, the protection services offered as part of social welfare measures were set up to shield women (fujin-hogo jigyo), and by its very nature, are not designed to provide men shelter. Furthermore, the system does not allow people access to necessary services unless they are staying in shelters.
This study explores the barriers to and prospects of establishing a system of protection for male victims of human trafficking from three perspectives—the protection of women, laborers, and victims of crime.
It is necessary to establish a system of protection that is not based on fujin-hogo jigyo, which is regulated by the Law on the Prevention of Prostitution. It is also necessary to make a commitment to protect laborers regardless of their nationality and sex and build a financial compensation system for victims of sex trafficking taking into account their claims based on a “subjective view of labor.” It is also the need of the hour to enforce a policy to protect victims of crime, regardless of their sex.